Authors' objectives: Acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and has significant resource implications in terms of intensive care unit and hospital stay. To assess the cost-effectiveness of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal compared to ventilation alone in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure.

Authors' results and conclusions: Mean EuroQol-5 Dimensions, five-level version utility scores were low and similar for each group. Quality-adjusted life-years were calculated for those patients with complete EuroQol-5 Dimensions, five-level version data (extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal n = 140, ventilation alone n = 143) and there was no discernible difference in quality-adjusted life-years at 12 months (mean difference –0.01; 95% confidence interval –0.06 to 0.05; 140). Total 12-month health resource use cost (including intervention costs) was calculated for those patients with complete cost data (extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal n = 125, ventilation alone n = 126) and costs were statistically significantly higher in the extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal group (mean difference £7668.76, 95% confidence interval 159.75, 15,177.77). Multiple imputation was used for missing total cost and quality-adjusted life-year data in the cost-utility analysis. Ventilation alone dominated extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal and there was 0% probability of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal being cost-effective compared to ventilation alone for all willingness to pay thresholds per quality-adjusted life-year considered (£0–50,000). Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal was associated with significantly higher costs, but no benefit in health-related quality of life. Given the data, extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal is not considered to be a cost-effective approach to treating patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure.

Authors' methods: A cost-utility analysis embedded within a pragmatic, multicentre, allocation-concealed, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Four hundred and twelve (of a planned sample size of 1120) adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation for acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure, were recruited between May 2016 and December 2019 from 51 intensive care units in the UK. Participants were randomised (1 : 1) to receive extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal for at least 48 hours (n = 202) or standard care with ventilation alone (n = 210). These included the absence of a baseline healthy utility score, minor data loss related to not obtaining complete intensive care unit readmission data for Scottish participants, and not estimating long-term cost-effectiveness due to the study closing early.

Project Status: Completed

URL for project: https://www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/programmes/hta/NIHR135499

Year Published: 2023

URL for published report: https://www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/hta/published-articles/FCDQ8036

URL for additional information: English

English language abstract: An English language summary is available

Publication Type: Full HTA

Country: England, United Kingdom

DOI: 10.3310/FCDQ8036

Organisation Name: NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme

Contact Address: NIHR Journals Library, National Institute for Health and Care Research, Evaluation, Trials and Studies Coordinating Centre, Alpha House, University of Southampton Science Park, Southampton SO16 7NS, UK

Contact Name: journals.library@nihr.ac.uk

Contact Email: journals.library@nihr.ac.uk