Original Title: État des connaissances - Enjeux liés à l’implantation d’un système de soutien à la décision clinique visant la prescription d’un examen diagnostique

Authors' objectives: Diagnostic tests, when relevant, play a key role in the process of disease diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Thus, health professionals must decide whether or not to order a diagnostic test based on their clinical judgment and a variety of complex information. This can sometimes pose a important challenge, for which one promising solution is the use of clinical decision support systems (CDSSs), which have been shown to be effective in many areas of health. The Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux (MSSS) therefore asked INESSS to identify the barriers and facilitators related to implementing a CDSS for diagnostic test ordering.

Authors' results and conclusions: RESULTS: A total of 23 studies with acceptable methodological quality were included. Most of them were recent (50% published after 2017) and were conducted in North America (17/23) and in primary care settings (13/23). The methodology used in the selected studies varied. Some used specific conceptual frameworks/models for assessing barriers and facilitators (9/23). The semi-structured interview was the most commonly used data collection method (11/23). The analyses performed in the studies were qualitative and/or descriptive. The participants’ profile varied as well, although physicians were included in all the studies. Most of the CDSSs studied were multifunctional (19/23), mainly covered specialized areas of health (17/23) and were mainly intended for health professionals only (20/23). For the most part, the CDSSs were linked to an electronic health record (17/23), and their content was often based on patient data and evidence-based practice guidelines or recommendations (16/23). Use (16/23), adoption (5/23) and acceptance/acceptability (2/23) were the three outcomes analyzed in relation to the barriers and facilitators. The CDSS implementation barriers and facilitators were multidimensional, covered all the CFIR domains and were from the studies of the preimplementation (10/23) and post-implementation phases (13/23). CONCLUSION: This rapid review has identified and provided a structured portrait of the barriers to and facilitators of implementing a CDSS for diagnostic test ordering in terms of its acceptance, adoption and use. The determinants identified cover all the CFIR domains. Although these determinants are exploratory and require contextualization in Québec’s health system, they should guide the MSSS in the development, planning, execution and evaluation of the implementation of a CDSS for the ordering of medical imaging tests.

Authors' methods: This state-of-knowledge report is based on a rapid literature review conducted in accordance with INESSS’s methodological standards. To be included, studies had to meet the following criteria: the study population had to include patients and caregivers, health professionals, and health managers; the exposure factor had to include any facilitators of or barriers to implementing a CDSS for diagnostic test ordering, whether the CDSS was technically linked to an electronic prescriber or not; and the implementation outcomes had to include acceptability, adoption, relevance, feasibility, adaptability, penetration and sustainability. The literature search was conducted in January 2022 in MEDLINE (via Ovid), Embase, EBM Reviews and in the grey literature. The studies’ methodological quality was assessed using the MMAT (Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool). Barriers and facilitators were coded and classified according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) constructs. Data synthesis was performed and was structured using a conceptual framework based on the CFIR constructs and the implementation outcomes.

Project Status: Completed

URL for project: https://www.inesss.qc.ca/publications/repertoire-des-publications/publication/enjeux-lies-a-limplantation-dun-systeme-de-soutien-a-la-decision-clinique-visant-la-prescription-dun-examen-diagnostique.html

Year Published: 2022

URL for published report: https://www.inesss.qc.ca/publications/repertoire-des-publications/publication/enjeux-lies-a-limplantation-dun-systeme-de-soutien-a-la-decision-clinique-visant-la-prescription-dun-examen-diagnostique.html

English language abstract: An English language summary is available

Publication Type: Other

Country: Canada

Province: Quebec

Organisation Name: Institut national d'excellence en sante et en services sociaux

Contact Address: L'Institut national d'excellence en sante et en services sociaux (INESSS) , 2021, avenue Union, bureau 10.083, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 2S9;Tel: 1+514-873-2563, Fax: 1+514-873-1369

Contact Name: demande@inesss.qc.ca

Contact Email: demande@inesss.qc.ca

Copyright: Gouvernement du Québec