Spinal cord injury (SCI) is typically the result of trauma. In 2010, prevalence estimates ranged from 232,000 to 316,000 individuals, and approximately 12,000 new cases of SCI occurred. The combination of tissue injury, hemorrhage, ischemia, and/or edema that occurs in SCI ultimately results in partial or complete neurological or functional loss. The extent of disability associated with SCI varies widely, depending on the severity of the injury, the specific segment(s) of the spinal cord where the injury occurred, and the type of nerve fibers that sustained damage. The overall clinical management of patients with SCI includes pharmacological therapies, surgical interventions, and conventional rehabilitation programs. Regenerative medicine involving cell-based therapies with olfactory sheathing cells are currently being investigated for SCI.